User:Mhatopzz/Flags and emblems of the United States of Indonesia
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Use | National flag and ensign |
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Proportion | 2:3 |
Design | A horizontal bicolour of red and white |
The Flags of the United States of Indonesia were the state flags used as the official state symbols of the United States of Indonesia (Indonesian abbreviation: RIS), the predecessor state of the current Indonesia. The flag that were hoisted in public during the proclamation of independence on 17 August 1945 remained as the official flag of the United States of Indonesia after its transfer of sovereignty on December 27, 1949 and it was written on the Federal Constitution of 1949.
Background
[edit]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png)
After the Dutch East Indies, on behalf of the Dutch government transferred its sovereignty to the Republic of Indonesia,[1] the new federated state called the United States of Indonesia was formed out of former Dutch territories in the East Indies and several states formed prior to the round table conference held in 1949. The new federation adopted a constitution in which stated in the Chapter III, article III, is that the national and the official flag of the United States of Indonesia is a bicolor red and white, similar to the one that was adopted by the State of the Republic of Indonesia.
State flags
[edit]Indonesia (1949–1950)
[edit]Flag | Date | Use | Description |
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1949–1950 | Indonesia | Bicolor with two equal horizontal bands, red (top) and white (bottom) with an overall ratio of 2:3.[2] |
State of East Indonesia
[edit]During the Denpasar conference held in 1946, a majority of the delegates called for the adoption of the national anthem to be Indonesia Raya, and for the Indonesian red and white flag to be the national flag of East Indonesia.[3] On 22 December, Governor van Mook gave his response to the proposals. He supported the use of the Indonesian national anthem, but was more cautious about the flag. He expressed a wish for Western New Guinea to be an autonomous region with a special relationship with the United States of Indonesia.[4]
Flag | Date | Use | Description |
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1946–1950 | State of East Indonesia | A four stripped flag of yellow-red-white-green (horizontally) is given for a state called Indonesia Timur (meaning East Indonesia), a "Federation of East Indonesian States", according to D. Rühl in his book Vlag en Wapen van der Republiek Indonesie, 1950.[5] |
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1947–1950 | Presidential standard | Besides a national coat of arms and flag a presidential flag and flags for the members of the council of ministers were adopted. The flag of the president was gironny of black, white, red and yellow charged in the middle with a white eight-leaved lotus-flower. Adopted on 2 August 1947.[6] |
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1947–1950 | Presidential pennant | Beside a presidential flag was a light-blue pennon with a lotus-flower seen from the side.[6] |
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1947–1950 | Prime Minister flag | On the flags of rank of the Prime Minister, the President of Parliament, the ministers and the vice-ministers there was the Garuda fom the emblem of state on a dark-green cloth and at the mast end six-pointed stars, adopted on 2 August 1947.[6] |
State of East Sumatra
[edit]According to D. Rühl, 1950. The design of the flag was confirmed by a letter from Mr. Van de Velde, Governmental counsellor for Political Affairs on Sumatra to the Lieutenant Governor General Van Mook dd. on 27 Februari 1948, which reads as follows:[7]
“Tenslotte verdient vermelding dat op de raadszitting op 29 Januari 1948 de vlag der Negara werd vastgesteld, bestaande uit drie horizontale banen van geel, wit en groen. Met deze kleuren wenst men te symboliseren Grootheid, Rust en Welvaart.”
Translated as:
“Finally, it should be noted that at the council meeting on January 29, 1948, the flag of the Negara was established, consisting of three horizontal bands of yellow, white and green. With these colors one wishes to symbolize Greatness, Tranquility and Prosperity.”
Flag | Date | Use | Description |
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1948–1950 | State of East Sumatra | The flag of the State of Eastern Sumatra consisted of three breadths yellow, white and green, the colors of the arms of Medan. The colors symbolize Greatness, Peace and Prosperity. |
Pasundan
[edit]Two flags were used by the State of Pasundan. The first flag consisted of a bicolor flag of green and white and the other was three stripes of green, white, and green.[8]
Flag | Date | Use | Description |
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1948–1950 | State of Pasundan | Tricolor flag of green, white, and green. |
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1948–1950 | State of Pasundan | Bicolor green and white flag. |
South Sumatra
[edit]The Second Dutch military intervention on 30 August 1948 resulted in the establishment of State of South Sumatra, and was incorporated to RIS following the transfer of sovereignty on 27 December 1949.[9] In 1949 the flag was adopted, it was a bicolor yellow and green.[8]
Flag | Date | Use | Description |
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1948–1950 | State of South Sumatra | Two breadths yellow and green. |
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Ricklefs, M.C. (2008) [1981], A History of Modern Indonesia Since c. 1200 (4th ed.), Palgrave MacMillan, p. 373, ISBN 978-0-230-54686-8
- ^ "National Flag, Coat of Arms, Anthem". Embassy of Indonesia, Oslo, Norway. 1 May 2007. Archived from the original on 19 October 2007. Retrieved 22 June 2009.
- ^ Ide Anak Agung Gde Agung (1996) [1995]. From the Formation of the State of East Indonesia Towards the Establishment of the United States of Indonesia. Translated by Owens, Linda. Yayasan Obor. p. 123. ISBN 979-461-216-2.
- ^ Ide Anak Agung Gde Agung (1996) [1995]. From the Formation of the State of East Indonesia Towards the Establishment of the United States of Indonesia. Translated by Owens, Linda. Yayasan Obor. p. 126–127. ISBN 979-461-216-2.
- ^ D. Rühl (Jr.) (1950). Vlag en wapen van de republiek Indonesia. Afd. Volkenkunde van de Kon. Ver. Indisch Instituut. p. 9. Retrieved 4 July 2022.
- ^ a b c Bijvoegsel van de Staatscourant van Oost-Indonesië 1947, No 8.
- ^ S. L. van der Wal; M. J. B. Schouten; P. J. Drooglever (1971). Officiële bescheiden betreffende de Nederlands-Indonesische betrekkingen 1945-1950 (in English and Dutch). Nijhoff. p. 78. Retrieved 4 July 2022.
- ^ a b D. Rühl (Jr.) (1950). Vlag en wapen van de republiek Indonesia. Afd. Volkenkunde van de Kon. Ver. Indisch Instituut. pp. 4e jaarg. n° 2. Retrieved 4 July 2022.
- ^ Alian (2013). "Sumatera Selatan dalam Kerangka Negara Federal Belanda (South Sumatra in the Context of the Dutch federal State". Jurnal Sejarah Dapunta Hiyang (in Indonesian). 1 (1). Palembang: Sriwijaya University: 7–11. ISSN 2337-7844.